Vegetable protein has a poor aminoacid profile compared to animal protein (and lower bioavailability I think), so even though this product has more total protein, it's probably inferior in terms of protein quality to product A.
1.Would you feel that paying 4 times as much for one over the other is justified and if so which one. ?
A is better, but doesn't look better enough to justify 4x the price. Too much rice, not enough protein.
2.Would you choose to try the most expensive or the cheapest first ?
More expensive foods are usually better, but I wouldn't base my decision on price.
3. Do you choose your dog food based on something else?
Quality ingredients, high protein, low carbs. The AAFCO standards for macronutrients are based on the minimum protein and maximum carb intakes that a dog needs or can tolerate to stay healthy. Minimum and maximum does not equal optimal.
I choose to home-cook for my dog because there's no way to be sure about the quality of ingredients in kibble or the manufacturing process.